HOA management guides from the experts.
Practical insights for board members, property managers, and homeowners navigating community association management.
Featured Articles
Remote vs. Full-Service HOA Management: Which Fits?
Remote management suits smaller communities that want financial tools without full fees. Full-service fits larger, complex communities. Here's how to decide.
What to Look for When Hiring an HOA Manager
Hiring an HOA management company is a major decision. Here are the 8 questions every board should ask — and the red flags to watch out for.
What Is HOA Self-Management? A Board's Guide
Self-managed HOAs can save tens of thousands per year. Here's what self-management involves, when it makes sense, and what tools you need to succeed.
Michigan HOA Management: What Community Boards Need to Know
Managing an HOA in Michigan comes with specific legal requirements. Here's what boards need to know about state law, management options, and local resources.
HOA Management in Grand Rapids, Michigan: A Guide
Grand Rapids is one of Michigan's fastest-growing metros, and its HOA communities have unique needs. Here's what to look for when evaluating a manager.
The Davis-Stirling Act Explained in Plain Language
The Davis-Stirling Act governs every California HOA, including Bay Area communities. Here's this complex law explained in plain language.
How to Fire Your HOA Management Company
Firing an HOA management company is a big decision that takes careful preparation. Here's a step-by-step guide to ending the relationship smoothly.
Transitioning to Professionally Managed HOA: Checklist
Moving from self-management to professional management is a major milestone for an HOA. Here's a practical guide to making the transition successfully.
FirstService Residential vs. APM: A Bay Area Guide
Comparing FirstService Residential to APM? Here's how the two compare on transparency, pricing, technology, and total cost of ownership for Bay Area HOAs.
HOA Budget Planning: A Complete Guide for Board Members
An accurate HOA budget is the foundation of a healthy community. Here's how to build one, step by step, from operating costs to homeowner communication.
HOA Elections in California: What SB 323 Requires
California HOA elections are heavily regulated by SB 323. Here's what your board must do, inspectors and secret ballots, to run a compliant election.
California HOA Law: A Guide to the Davis-Stirling Act
The Davis-Stirling Act governs every California HOA. Here's what board members need to know about governing documents, homeowner rights, and enforcement.
California HOA Insurance: What Your Association Must Carry
California HOAs face specific insurance rules under SB 326, Davis-Stirling, and most lenders. Here's the coverage your association needs, and common gaps.
HOA Maintenance Best Practices for Boards
Deferred maintenance is the costliest mistake an HOA can make. Here's how to build a proactive program that protects common area assets and controls costs.
California HOA Legislation 2025–2026: What to Know
California's 2025 session brought Davis-Stirling changes: SB-326 disclosures, EV charging rules, and disaster rebuilding. Here's what passed and what it means.
Michigan MRTA: Does Your HOA Need a Notice of Claim?
Michigan's 2025 Marketable Record Title Act amendment exempts condos and many HOAs. Older HOAs may need to record a notice of claim by September 29, 2027.
Michigan HOA Laws 2025-2026: What Changed
Michigan's 2025-2026 HOA and condo changes: HEPA solar policies, the MRTA amendment, the CTA exemption, and the pending reserve study bill. A board checklist.
California HOA Laws Effective 2026: SB 410, 770, 625
New Davis-Stirling changes took effect January 1, 2026: records access, EEE disclosures, EV charging insurance, disaster rebuilds, and election notices.
California AB 1684: HOA Air Conditioning Rights (2027)
AB 1684 adds Civil Code 4738 on January 1, 2027, voiding HOA rules that block air conditioners, swamp coolers, and heat pumps. What boards can still require.
California HOA Case Law: Nahrstedt, Lamden, and More
The California cases every HOA board should know: Nahrstedt, Lamden, and Dolan-King, and how new Davis-Stirling statutes now override them.
California HOA Bills That Failed in 2026 (Vetoed or Dead)
Two California HOA bills were vetoed in 2026 and four more died. Here is what AB 2439, SB 1238, SB 1007, AB 1903, AB 1184, and AB 2579 would have done.
HOA Management Pricing: What APM Charges Per Door (2026)
Published APM rates: $12-$17 per home for newer communities, $22 and up for older ones, $3 software, plus setup fees. See exactly what is and is not included.
FirstService vs RealManage vs APM: How to Compare
Comparing HOA management companies? Use this side-by-side checklist of fees, contract terms, meetings and service, plus what to ask each company.
Questions to Ask FirstService, Associa, or RealManage
Comparing a national HOA management company? Ask these 18 questions about fees, contracts, staffing, and your data, and get every answer in writing.
Fannie Mae 2026 Condo Rules: Michigan Board Action Plan
Fannie Mae's March 2026 lender letter raises condo reserve minimums to 15%, changes insurance rules and ends Limited Review. Michigan board action plan.
Michigan Condo Liability to Short-Term Guests (Letvin)
In Letvin, the Michigan Court of Appeals held a short-term rental guest is an invitee of the condo association in common areas. What boards must change.
All Articles
Alabama HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Alabama HOA law explained: the Homeowners' Association Act, the Uniform Condominium Act, liens, records, fines and what your documents control.
Alaska HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Alaska HOA law explained: AS 34.08, the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act, plus liens, meetings, resales and what your documents control.
Arkansas HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Arkansas has no general HOA act. Learn how the Horizontal Property Act, covenants and nonprofit law govern condos and subdivisions in the state.
Connecticut HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Connecticut HOA law explained: the Common Interest Ownership Act, assessment liens, rules, rentals, solar and manager registration for boards.
Delaware HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Delaware HOA law explained: DUCIOA, assessment liens, condo reserve minimums, open meetings, records access and what your documents control.
Hawaii HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Hawaii HOA laws explained: Condominium Property Act (HRS 514B), planned community law (HRS 421J), reserves, liens, records, mediation and manager rules.
Idaho HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Idaho HOA laws explained: the Homeowner’s Association Act (Title 55, Chapter 32), the Condominium Property Act, liens, fines, rentals and records.
Indiana HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Indiana HOA laws explained: the Homeowners Association Act (IC 32-25.5), the Condominium Act, records, budgets, liens, fines and 2026 changes.
Iowa HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Iowa HOA laws explained: no comprehensive act, condominiums under Chapter 499B, records access under Chapter 499C, and nonprofit law under Chapter 504.
Kansas HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Kansas HOA laws explained: the Common Interest Owners Bill of Rights Act (K.S.A. 58-4601), the Apartment Ownership Act, records, budgets, meetings and liens.
Kentucky HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Kentucky HOA laws explained: the Planned Community Act (KRS 381.785), the Condominium Act (KRS 381.9101), liens, budgets, records, fines and yard signs.
Louisiana HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Louisiana HOA and condo law explained: the Planned Community Act, Condominium Act, privilege rules, records, meetings and board duties for 2026.
Maine HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Maine HOA and condo law explained: the Maine Condominium Act, lien and records rules, no general HOA statute, and a 2026 study of reform.
Maryland HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Plain-English guide to Maryland HOA and condo law: the Homeowners Association Act, Condominium Act, records, fines, reserves, liens and boards.
Massachusetts HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Massachusetts condos follow G.L. c. 183A on liens, records and reserves, while HOAs rely on documents and general law. See the key rules for boards in 2026.
Michigan HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Michigan HOA and condo law explained: the Condominium Act, Nonprofit Corporation Act, liens, reserves, rentals and the 2024 solar law for 2026.
Minnesota HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Guide to Minnesota HOA and condo law under Chapter 515B, the Common Interest Ownership Act: assessments, liens, meetings, reserves, fines and boards.
Mississippi HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Mississippi HOA and condo law explained: no general HOA act, the Condominium Law, lien deadlines, nonprofit rules and the 2021 financial-controls law.
Missouri HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Missouri HOA laws explained: no comprehensive HOA act, the Uniform Condominium Act (RSMo 448), nonprofit law, liens, records and section 442.404.
Montana HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Montana HOA law explained: no comprehensive HOA act, the Unit Ownership Act for condos, 70-17-901 limits, nonprofit rules and manager licensing.
Nebraska HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Nebraska HOA law explained: the Nebraska Condominium Act, the HOA lien statute at 52-2001, nonprofit rules, records, budgets, fines and licensing.
Nevada HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Nevada HOA law explained: NRS Chapter 116, Real Estate Division oversight, reserves, fines, records, and community manager certification rules.
New Hampshire HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
New Hampshire HOA law explained: the Condominium Act (RSA 356-B), RSA 292:8-m for HOAs, budgets, records, liens and manager licensing questions.
New Jersey HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
New Jersey HOAs and condos follow PREDFDA, the Condominium Act and state election, open meeting and reserve study rules. See what boards must know in 2026.
New Mexico HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Plain-English guide to New Mexico HOA and condo law: the Homeowner Association Act, records, meetings, fines, audits and remote management for boards.
New York HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
New York has no single HOA act. Learn how the Condominium Act, nonprofit corporation law and your documents govern liens, records, meetings and fines.
North Dakota HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
North Dakota has no comprehensive HOA act. Learn how Chapter 47-04.1, Chapter 10-33 and your governing documents shape HOA and condo rules.
Oklahoma HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Oklahoma HOA and condo law explained: the Real Estate Development Act, Unit Ownership Estate Act, liens, records and enforcement for boards.
Oregon HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Oregon HOA laws explained: the Planned Community Act (ORS 94), the Condominium Act (ORS 100), liens, records, reserves, meetings and fines.
Pennsylvania HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Pennsylvania HOAs are governed by the Uniform Planned Community Act. See rules on liens, records, meetings, fines and reserves, plus condo and co-op laws.
Rhode Island HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Rhode Island HOA and condo law explained: the Condominium Act, liens, records, fines, electronic meetings and what governs non-condo HOAs.
South Carolina HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Guide to South Carolina HOA and condo law: the Homeowners Association Act, Horizontal Property Act, nonprofit rules, records, liens and recording duties.
South Dakota HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
South Dakota has no comprehensive HOA act. Learn how covenants, nonprofit law, SDCL 43-15A condos and 2024 HOA statutes work together.
Tennessee HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Guide to Tennessee HOA and condo law: the Condominium Act of 2008, HOA rental and assessment rules, liens, reserves, records and board duties.
Utah HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Utah HOA laws explained: the Community Association Act (Title 57, Ch. 8a), late fees, fines, records, reserves, rentals, and state registration.
Vermont HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Vermont HOA and condo law explained: the Common Interest Ownership Act (27A V.S.A.), liens, records, meetings, budgets, fines, and board duties.
Virginia HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Virginia HOAs follow the Property Owners' Association Act and the Condominium Act. See lien deadlines, fine caps, open meetings, reserve studies and licensing.
West Virginia HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
West Virginia HOA law explained: Chapter 36B Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act, assessment liens, records, meetings, budgets, fines and duties.
Wisconsin HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Wisconsin HOA laws explained: the Condominium Ownership Act (chapter 703), no comprehensive HOA act, nonstock corporation law, liens and records.
Wyoming HOA Laws and Regulations: Guide (2026)
Wyoming has no comprehensive HOA act. See how covenants, the Nonprofit Corporation Act and the Condominium Ownership Act govern associations.
Are HOA Fees Tax Deductible? What Owners Should Know
HOA dues on your primary home are generally not deductible, but rental property, home office and special assessments can differ. See what IRS guidance says.
HOA Lawyer: Do You Need an HOA Attorney? Boards and Owners
When a board or homeowner needs an HOA lawyer or attorney, what they do, how they bill, and alternatives like mediation and ADR before going to court.
High-Rise Condo Living: Pros and Cons
Weigh the pros and cons of high-rise condo living, from fees, amenities, and insurance to elevators, reserves, and what boards should plan for.
HOA Accounting Basics: A Guide for Boards and Owners
Learn HOA accounting basics: fund accounting, operating vs reserve funds, cash vs accrual, chart of accounts, monthly close, reconciliations and controls.
HOA Audit vs Review vs Compilation: What Is Required?
Compare an HOA audit, review and compilation, what each costs in effort and assurance, and when Michigan or California law or your documents require one.
HOA Capital Improvement vs Maintenance: Who Pays?
Learn how HOAs separate maintenance, replacement and capital improvements, and how reserves, operating funds and special assessments pay for each.
HOA Consulting Services: When Boards Need a Consultant
What HOA consultants do, how they differ from managers and attorneys, when a board should hire one, and how to evaluate a consultant.
HOA Financial Statements Guide: What Boards Should Review
Understand HOA financial statements: balance sheet, income statement, budget vs actual, reserve and delinquency reports, and how boards should review them.
HOA Resale Certificate, Transfer Fees and Payoff Statements
What an HOA resale certificate is, how payoff statements and capital contributions work, and what California and Michigan generally require.
HOA Tax Exemption and Tax Returns: Form 1120-H Explained
Learn how HOAs are taxed, how Form 1120-H under Section 528 compares with Form 1120, and what the 60 and 90 percent tests mean for your association.
How to Remove an HOA Board Member: Recall Process
Learn how to remove an HOA board member: check your bylaws, gather a petition, hold a special meeting and vote. Michigan and California rules noted.
Single-Family vs Multifamily Dwelling Explained
Learn how single-family and multifamily dwellings are defined by HUD, zoning, and lenders, and how HOAs and condo associations fit in.
Squatters Rights California: HOA and Owner Guide
California squatters rights and squatting laws explained for HOA boards, owners and landlords: adverse possession, trespass and what to do.
Florida Squatters Rights: HOA and Condo Owner Guide
Florida squatters rights explained for HOA and condo boards and owners: the 2024 sheriff removal law, adverse possession and what to do.
Squatters Rights Michigan: Guide for HOAs and Owners
Squatters rights in Michigan explained for HOA boards, owners and landlords: 15-year adverse possession, eviction process and pending bills.
New York Squatter Laws: HOA and Condo Owner Guide
New York squatter laws and squatters rights in NYC explained for boards and owners: the 2024 RPAPL 711 change, 30-day rule and process.
Tenant vs Occupant: What Is the Difference?
Learn how a tenant differs from an occupant, subtenant, or guest, and who must follow HOA rules when an owner rents out a unit.
HOA Meaning: What Does HOA Stand For?
HOA meaning: it stands for homeowners association. Learn what an HOA is, what it does, how it is run, how it differs from a COA or POA, and what to check before you buy.
What Happens If You Don't Pay HOA Fines?
Unpaid HOA fines can lead to collection steps, and in some states liens. Learn how fines differ from assessments and how to challenge them.
What Is a Condominium Complex? Ownership Explained
A condominium complex is a development of individually owned units with shared common areas. Learn how ownership, the master deed, and maintenance work.
What Is a Gated Community? HOAs, Costs, Pros and Cons
What a gated community is, whether it needs an HOA, who maintains gates and private roads, typical costs, rules, and the limits of security.
What Is an Apartment? Definition and Types
Learn what an apartment is, the main apartment types, and how apartments differ from condos and co-ops, including where associations come in.
What Is an HOA Assessment? Types, Rules and Costs
What is an HOA assessment? Learn how regular, special and emergency assessments differ from dues and fines, how they are set, and what happens if unpaid.
Why Are HOA Fees So High? Do They Ever Go Down?
HOA fees feel high or suddenly jumped? Learn the main cost drivers, whether fees ever go down, how to judge what is too much, and what you can do.
Texas HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Everything Texas HOA boards need to know about Chapter 209 Texas Property Code, enforcement rules, and 2026 updates.
Florida HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Florida Statute 720 explained for HOA boards — meeting requirements, financial disclosure, and enforcement rules.
California HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Davis-Stirling Act explained — California HOA rules for meetings, assessments, enforcement, and homeowner rights.
Arizona HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Arizona Revised Statutes Title 33 explained — what HOA boards must do and what homeowners are entitled to.
Illinois HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Illinois Common Interest Community Association Act explained for HOA boards across Chicago and Illinois.
Colorado HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Colorado CCIOA explained — one of the most comprehensive HOA law frameworks in the United States.
Georgia HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Georgia Property Owners Association Act explained — what Atlanta-area HOA boards must know in 2026.
North Carolina HOA Laws 2026: Board & Owner Guide
North Carolina Planned Community Act and Nonprofit Corporation Act explained for HOA boards.
Washington HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Washington HOA Act and Condominium Act explained for boards across Seattle, Bellevue, and beyond.
Ohio HOA Laws 2026: Guide for Boards & Owners
Ohio HOA law explained — planned community statutes, condo law, and homeowner rights in 2026.
Transitioning From Self-Managed to Professional HOA
Step-by-step guide for HOA boards ready to move from self-management to professional management — without disrupting your community.
Best HOA Self-Management Software Compared
Comparing the top HOA self-management platforms in 2026. See features, pricing, and which platform fits your community size.
Remote vs. Local HOA Management: Pros and Cons
Should your HOA hire a local management company or go remote? Compare costs, responsiveness, and technology to see what matters most for your community.
HOA Financial Management Explained for Boards
HOA financial management covers dues collection, budgeting, delinquency tracking, and financial reporting. Here's how it works and what boards should demand.
How to Switch HOA Management Companies Smoothly
Switching HOA management companies doesn't have to be painful. Here's a step-by-step guide to a smooth transition in 30–60 days.
HOA Violations: How to Handle Them Fairly and Consistently
HOA violations are one of the most common sources of board conflict. Here's the enforcement process and how to avoid disputes.
HOA Reserve Funds: What They Are and Why They Matter
HOA reserve funds protect your community from major unexpected expenses. Learn what reserves are, how reserve studies work, and how much you should have.
The Real Cost of HOA Management: What Boards Pay and Why
HOA management costs vary widely. This guide breaks down what boards actually pay, what drives pricing, and what questions to ask before signing a contract.
HOA Communication Best Practices for Boards
Poor communication is the #1 complaint homeowners have about their HOA. Here's how to build a communication system that works.
HOA vs. Condo Association: Key Differences
HOAs usually govern neighborhoods of homes you own outright; condo associations govern buildings with shared areas. Compare fees, insurance and law.
Condo Association Management: A Guide for Boards
Running a condo association involves building maintenance, insurance decisions, reserve funds, and compliance. Here's what every board member needs to know.
Condo Special Assessments Explained: What to Know
A special assessment is an extra charge on unit owners to cover unexpected costs or underfunded reserves. Here's how boards can limit the risk.
HOA Board Member Responsibilities: A Complete Guide
HOA board members take on fiduciary duties and operational tasks most new volunteers don't expect. Here's what the role actually requires.
HOA Annual Meeting: What to Prepare and Expect
The HOA annual meeting is the year's most important governance event. Here's how to run one right, from notice requirements to elections to homeowner turnout.
HOA Governing Documents Explained: CC&Rs, Bylaws, and Rules
CC&Rs, bylaws, and rules and regulations carry different legal weight. Here's what each one does, and what happens when they conflict with each other.
HOA Budget Process: How to Build a Realistic Budget
The annual HOA budget determines what every homeowner pays. Here's how to build one that funds real community needs without surprise fee increases.
HOA Delinquency and Collections: A Board's Guide
HOA dues are the lifeblood of association finances, and boards have a legal duty to pursue collections when homeowners don't pay. Here's how the process works.
California HOA Laws: The Davis-Stirling Act Guide
California's Davis-Stirling Act is one of the most detailed HOA statutes in the country. Here's what boards must do to stay compliant.
Michigan Condo Laws: What the Condominium Act Requires
Michigan condo associations are governed by the Michigan Condominium Act (MCL 559.101 et seq.). Here's what board members need to know to stay compliant.
HOA Vendor Management: Hiring and Firing Contractors
Vendor management is one of the highest-risk parts of running an HOA. Here's how to build a reliable contractor network that protects the association.
HOA Insurance Guide: What's Covered and What's Not
Most HOA boards don't fully understand their master insurance policy until they file a claim. Here's a practical breakdown of HOA insurance requirements.
Architectural Review Board (ARB): HOA Review Process
What an HOA architectural review board does, how applications are reviewed, what to submit, typical timelines, and how to appeal a denial or run the process fairly.
HOA Management Software: What to Look For and What to Avoid
HOA management software ranges from basic dues tools to full platforms. Here's how to evaluate your options and avoid the most common mistakes.
What Does an HOA Management Company Actually Do?
A common question from boards and homeowners alike. Here's a complete breakdown of what HOA management companies do — and what they don't do.
How to Dispute an HOA Violation Notice
Getting an HOA violation notice doesn't mean you have to accept it. Here's how homeowners can effectively dispute one, and what the process looks like.
What Do HOA Fees Cover? A Complete Breakdown for Homeowners
HOA fees fund common area maintenance, management, insurance, and reserves. Here's exactly where the money goes and how to tell if your fees are reasonable.
HOA Emergency Preparedness: A Board Checklist
Natural disasters and property emergencies can strike any community. Here's how HOA boards can prepare their communities before an emergency hits, not after.
How Much Does HOA Management Cost? 2025 Pricing Guide
HOA management fees run $8 to $30 per unit per month for full-service management, and less for financial-only services. Here's what drives the difference.
How to Find an HOA Management Company
Finding the right HOA management company takes more than a Google search. Here's a structured process for identifying, evaluating, and choosing a partner.
Condo Fees vs. HOA Fees: Why Condo Fees Cost More
Condo association fees are almost always higher than HOA fees for comparable communities. Here's exactly why, and how to tell if yours are reasonable.
HOA Management in Lansing, Michigan: A Local Guide
Greater Lansing has unique HOA management factors: Michigan law, local vendor markets, seasonal maintenance, and a mix of community types. Here's what to know.
HOA Management in the Bay Area: A Local Guide
Bay Area HOAs navigate the Davis-Stirling Act, high insurance costs, tight vendor markets, and homeowner expectations unlike other markets. Here's what to know.
Michigan Condominium Act 2026: A Guide for Boards
The Michigan Condominium Act (MCL 559.101) governs most HOA and condo communities in the state. Here's what boards need to know about how it affects operations.
Michigan HOA Reserve Fund Requirements Explained
Michigan HOA boards have legal obligations around reserve funds, yet many communities are severely underfunded. Here's what the law requires and best practices.
HOA Board Elections in Michigan: A Board's Guide
HOA board elections in Michigan must follow procedures under the Condominium Act and your governing documents. Here's what boards and owners should know.
HOA Management in Saginaw, Bay City, and Midland MI
The Great Lakes Bay Region has a distinct HOA management landscape. Here's what Saginaw, Bay City, and Midland communities should know when evaluating options.
How Michigan HOA Boards Can Switch Managers Smoothly
Switching HOA management companies in Michigan doesn't have to be chaotic. With the right process, your board can transition smoothly and protect the community.
How Michigan HOA Boards Prepare for Budget Season
Budget season is the most consequential time of year for Michigan HOA boards. Here's a practical guide to the process, the timeline, and the pitfalls to avoid.
HOA Vendor Management in Michigan: A Board's Guide
Michigan HOA boards rely on local contractors for everything from snow removal to major repairs. Here's how to hire, structure contracts, and supervise vendors.
HOA Violation Enforcement in Michigan: What to Know
Michigan HOA boards can enforce community rules, but enforcement must follow state law and the community's own procedures. Here's how to do it legally and well.
Self-Managed HOA in Michigan: When It Makes Sense
Some Michigan HOA communities do fine without a professional manager. Here's how to know if self-management fits your community and what it takes to succeed.
California HOA Reserve Study Rules for 2026 Boards
California has some of the country's most detailed HOA reserve study rules, and Bay Area boards face extra costs from construction pricing. Here's what to know.
East Bay HOA Management: Choosing an Alameda Manager
The East Bay's diverse cities create distinct HOA management challenges. Here's what Alameda and Contra Costa boards should look for in a manager.
Bay Area HOA Insurance in 2026: Costs and Coverage
Bay Area HOA insurance has been upended by wildfire risk and insurer exits. In 2026, many communities face higher premiums and coverage gaps.
HOA Special Assessments in California: Rules and Caps
California law sets strict rules for HOA special assessments, including caps on board authority. Here's what Bay Area boards need to know.
Switching HOA Management Companies in the Bay Area
Switching HOA management companies in the Bay Area means navigating California law and carefully timing the records transition. Here's how to do it right.
HOA Management in the East Bay: Pleasanton to Dublin
Pleasanton, Livermore, Dublin, San Ramon, and Danville have unique HOA management needs shaped by rapid growth and high homeowner expectations.
HOA Technology for Bay Area Communities in 2026
Bay Area HOA communities lead the country in technology adoption. Here's what homeowners and boards should expect from community management technology in 2026.
HOA Board Elections: A Step-by-Step Guide
HOA board elections require careful attention to procedures that vary by state and governing documents. Here's a complete guide to running a credible election.
HOA Management for Small Communities Under 50 Units
Small HOA communities have different needs than large ones, and a different cost calculus. Here's what communities under 50 units should know about options.
HOA Landscaping Contracts: What to Include
Landscaping is typically one of the largest HOA operating expenses. Here's how to structure a contract that protects the community and ensures quality service.
HOA Community Portal Software: 2026 Buying Guide
HOA community portal software has become essential for modern communities. Here's how to evaluate the options and avoid common selection mistakes.
HOA Annual Budget Template and Planning Guide
Creating a realistic HOA annual budget means understanding your community's cost drivers, reserve needs, and the right benchmark for each expense category.
HOA Meeting Minutes: What to Include and Keep
HOA meeting minutes are legal records that protect both the board and the association. Here's what to include, how to prepare them, and how long to keep them.
HOA Violation Notice Template: What to Include
A properly drafted HOA violation notice is the foundation of enforceable action. Here's what every notice must include, and mistakes that undermine enforcement.
How to Compare HOA Management Companies
Selecting an HOA management company is one of the most consequential board decisions. Here's a structured framework for making an objective, informed choice.
How Much Does HOA Management Cost in 2026?
HOA management costs $12–$30 per unit per month for full-service. What drives the price, what's included, and what are the hidden fees? Complete 2026 guide.
How to Switch HOA Management Companies: A Guide
Switching HOA management companies is easier than most boards think. Here is the complete timeline, checklist, and what to watch for during transition.
Self-Managed vs. Professionally Managed HOA: Which Fits?
Should your HOA self-manage or hire a professional management company? This guide breaks down costs, risks, and when professional management makes sense.
Davis-Stirling Act 2026: Key Updates for CA Boards
California HOA law changed again in 2026. New rules on assessment collection, board elections, and owner rights under the Davis-Stirling Act explained.
HOA Management Technology: What to Expect in 2026
Modern HOA management should include real-time financial dashboards, GPS vendor tracking, and unified messaging. Here is what technology-forward looks like.
HOA Board Member's Guide to Financial Oversight
HOA board members are legally responsible for financial oversight. Here is exactly what to review each month and red flags that signal management problems.
How to Choose an HOA Management Company in Michigan
Choosing an HOA management company in Michigan means finding someone who knows Michigan Condo Act compliance, local vendors, and four-season maintenance.
15 Questions to Ask Before Signing an HOA Contract
Before hiring an HOA management company, ask these 15 questions. The answers reveal whether they are transparent, capable, and the right fit for your community.
Bay Area HOA Management: What to Look for in CA
Managing HOAs in the Bay Area requires Davis-Stirling expertise, high vendor costs, and technology-forward operations. Here is what to look for in a manager.
Condo Association vs. HOA Management: Key Differences
Condo associations and HOAs have different governing documents, legal frameworks, and management needs. Here is what your board needs to know.
Bay Area HOA Management Cost in 2026: What to Expect
A transparent breakdown of what Bay Area HOAs pay for professional management, per-door fees, ancillary charges, and hidden costs many companies don't disclose.
Why Bay Area HOA Boards Are Leaving Big Management Firms
The top reasons Bay Area HOA boards are leaving large national management companies, and what they find when they switch to a tech-forward local alternative.
Michigan's Energy Policy Act: What HOA Boards Must Do
Michigan's HEPA took effect April 1, 2025, requiring every HOA to adopt a written solar policy. Here's what your board must do, and how to handle EV requests.
SB 326 Balcony Inspections: What Boards Must Do Now
California's SB 326 required condo associations to complete elevated element inspections by 2025. Here's what boards must do if they haven't complied.
Can Your Michigan HOA Ban Airbnb? Rental Rules Explained
Short-term rental requests are rising across Michigan HOAs. Here's what state law lets boards enforce and how to craft a rental policy that holds up.
EV Charging Stations in Your HOA: California Law & Costs
California law gives condo and HOA residents the right to install EV charging, but the process isn't simple. Here's how to set a fair policy.
Are Michigan HOA Board Members Personally Liable?
Fear of liability keeps good people off HOA boards. Here's what Michigan law says about board liability, what D&O insurance covers, and how to protect yourself.
HOA Management in Pleasanton, CA: 2026 Board Guide
Pleasanton is one of the East Bay's most established HOA markets, spanning 1980s neighborhoods to new townhomes. Here's what makes its governance unique.
California HOA Annual Disclosure Checklist 2025–2026
California HOAs must deliver specific documents to homeowners each year under Davis-Stirling. Here's the annual disclosure checklist with citations.
California HOA Board Meeting Requirements 2026
California's Davis-Stirling Act sets detailed rules for HOA board meetings, notice, sessions, and minutes. Here's what boards must do to stay compliant in 2026.
Texas HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Texas passed sweeping HOA reform across the 2021, 2023, and 2025 legislative sessions. Here's what Texas boards need to know.
Florida HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Florida passed major HOA and condo law reforms from 2021 through 2025. Here's what Florida boards need to know.
Arizona HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Arizona HOA law under ARS Title 33 added parking vote deadlines, 48-hour agenda rules, and new foreclosure thresholds. Here's what Arizona boards need to know.
Nevada HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Nevada HOA law under NRS Chapter 116 added new homeowner display rights in 2025. Here's what Nevada boards need to know.
Colorado HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Colorado passed major HOA reform under CCIOA from 2022-2025, covering foreclosure limits, lien rules, and collections reform. Here's what boards need to know.
Georgia HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Georgia passed HOA enforcement legislation in 2024, and the Property Owners' Bill of Rights Act (SB 406) takes effect 2026-27. Here's what to know.
North Carolina HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
North Carolina has landmark HOA reform pending in 2025 covering amendments, management contracts, fines, and foreclosure. Here's what boards need to know.
Washington HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Washington is moving all HOAs and condos to WUCIOA (RCW 64.90) by 2028. Here's what Washington boards need to know about the 2024-2025 changes.
Illinois HOA & Condo Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Illinois passed HOA and condo changes in 2024-2025 covering native plantings, accessible parking, and anti-discrimination. Here's what to know.
Ohio HOA & Condo Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Ohio updated its Condominium Act and Planned Community Act in 2022, adding electronic notice and solar provisions. Here's what boards need to know.
Virginia HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Virginia updated its Property Owners Association and Condominium Acts from 2021-2025, covering virtual meetings and reserve studies. Here's what to know.
New York HOA & Condo Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
New York co-op and condo boards face new rules from 2021-2025, including virtual meetings, Local Law 97 caps, and ownership reporting. Here's what to know.
New Jersey HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
New Jersey HOAs and condos are governed by the NJ Condominium Act and PREDFDA. Here's what every New Jersey board needs to know about the compliance framework.
Oregon HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Oregon required HOAs to remove invalid deed restrictions in 2021, then passed defect and moisture inspection reforms in 2025. Here's what to know.
Utah HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Utah passed its biggest HOA reform in state history in 2025 - an HOA Ombudsman office, fee caps, and written ARC denials. Here's what Utah boards need to know.
Minnesota HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Minnesota passed landmark HOA reform in 2025, capping fines, requiring written fee schedules, and creating an Ombudsperson Office. Here's what to know.
Tennessee HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Tennessee added a reserve study requirement for condo associations in 2023, effective 2024. Here's what Tennessee condo and HOA boards need to know.
South Carolina HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
South Carolina has HOA accountability reforms pending in 2025 under the Homeowners Association Act and Horizontal Property Act. Here's what boards need to know.
Maryland HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Maryland passed HOA and condo changes in 2024-2025, including lower amendment thresholds, EV charging rights, and new transparency rules. Here's what to know.
Pennsylvania HOA & Condo Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Pennsylvania passed HOA and condo reforms from 2021-2024, including longer lien deadlines, electronic voting, and election oversight. Here's what to know.
Alabama HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Alabama updated its HOA and condo statutes with changes to electronic meetings, lien procedures, and solar rights. Here's what Alabama boards need to know.
Alaska HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Alaska updated its Common Interest Ownership Act with electronic meetings, reserve disclosure, and fine due process rules. Here's what boards need to know.
Arkansas HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Arkansas enacted HOA and condo updates from 2021-2025 covering electronic notices, solar rights, fine caps, and e-voting. Here's what boards need to know.
California HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
California passed sweeping Davis-Stirling updates from 2021-2025, including ADU rights, SB 326 balcony inspections, and solar/EV rights. Here's what to know.
Connecticut HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Connecticut updated its Common Interest Ownership Act from 2022-2024 with electronic meetings, reserve studies, and EV protections. Here's what to know.
Delaware HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Delaware enacted its Common Interest Community Ownership Act in 2021, adding reserve minimums and solar/EV rights through 2024. Here's what to know.
Hawaii HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Hawaii strengthened condo reserve studies, structural inspections for aging high-rises, and solar/EV rights from 2022-2024. Here's what boards need to know.
Idaho HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Idaho enacted solar rights, electronic meetings, lien cure notices, and financial disclosure rules from 2022-2025. Here's what Idaho boards need to know.
Indiana HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Indiana passed its first comprehensive HOA statute in 2022, then added solar rights and electronic voting through 2025. Here's what Indiana boards need to know.
Iowa HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Iowa enacted electronic notice authority, the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act, and solar rights from 2021-2024. Here's what Iowa boards need to know.
Kansas HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Kansas enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, lien priority reform, and record inspection rights from 2021-2024. Here's what Kansas boards need to know.
Kentucky HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Kentucky enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, mandatory reserve studies, and EV charging protections from 2021-2025. Here's what boards need to know.
Louisiana HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Louisiana enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, post-storm assessment rules, and lien priority reform from 2021-2024. Here's what boards need to know.
Maine HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Maine enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, mandatory reserve studies, and foreclosure protections from 2022-2025. Here's what Maine boards need to know.
Massachusetts HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Massachusetts enacted electronic meetings, EV rights, post-Surfside inspections, and solar rights under M.G.L. c. 183A. Here's what boards need to know.
Michigan HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Michigan enacted remote meeting authority, HEPA solar and EV charging rights, and reserve fund reforms from 2022-2024. Here's what Michigan boards need to know.
Mississippi HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Mississippi enacted electronic notices, solar rights, coastal inspection rules, and EV charging rights from 2022-2024. Here's what boards need to know.
Missouri HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Missouri enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, collections reform, and EV charging protections from 2021-2025. Here's what Missouri boards need to know.
Montana HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Montana enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, short-term rental authority, and EV charging protections from 2021-2025. Here's what boards need to know.
Nebraska HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Nebraska enacted electronic meetings, solar protections, transparency requirements, and EV charging rights from 2021-2024. Here's what boards need to know.
New Hampshire HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
New Hampshire enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, biennial reserve studies, and EV protections from 2021-2025. Here's what boards need to know.
New Mexico HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
New Mexico enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, the HOA Transparency Act, and fine caps from 2021-2025. Here's what New Mexico boards need to know.
North Dakota HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
North Dakota enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, lien cure notices, and financial disclosure mandates from 2021-2025. Here's what boards need to know.
Oklahoma HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Oklahoma enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, record access, and lien reform from 2021-2024. Here's what Oklahoma boards need to know.
Rhode Island HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Rhode Island enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, mandatory reserve studies, and coastal inspection rules from 2022-2025. Here's what boards need to know.
South Dakota HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
South Dakota enacted electronic meetings, solar protections, lien cure notices, and disclosure mandates from 2021-2024. Here's what boards need to know.
Vermont HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Vermont enacted electronic meetings, solar and renewable energy rights, reserve studies, and lien reform from 2021-2025. Here's what to know.
West Virginia HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
West Virginia enacted electronic meetings, solar rights, lien notice rules, and fine due process reform from 2022-2025. Here's what boards need to know.
Wisconsin HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Wisconsin enacted permanent electronic meetings, solar rights, mandatory reserve studies, and collections reform from 2021-2025. Here's what to know.
Wyoming HOA Law Changes 2021–2025: Board Guide
Wyoming has no comprehensive HOA statute and no confirmed enacted HOA legislation from 2021-2025. Here's the real framework Wyoming boards operate under.
HOA Property Management: What It Is & How It Works
HOA property management explained: what it covers, how it differs from general property management, and what a good HOA manager actually does.
HOA Glossary: 30+ Terms Every Homeowner Should Know
A plain-English HOA glossary covering CC&Rs, declarant, estoppel, servitude, deed-restricted community, and every other term homeowners actually ask about.
Condo vs. Apartment: Key Differences Explained
A condo is a unit you own inside an association; an apartment is rented from one landlord. Compare ownership, fees, rules, repairs and costs.
HOA Estoppel Letters Explained: What They Are
What an HOA estoppel letter is, why it matters during a home sale, what it includes, and how to request one — explained in plain English.
What Is Property Management? HOA and Rental Guide
Property management means running real estate for its owner. Learn how rental, HOA and commercial management differ, what it costs, and how to choose a company.
HOA Rules & Regulations Explained: The CC&Rs
HOA rules and regulations explained — what CC&Rs actually control, how enforcement works, board responsibilities, and the real pros and cons of HOA living.
Are HOA Rental Caps Worth It? Pros, Cons & Rules
What an HOA rental cap is, why associations adopt them, the pros and cons for owners and investors, and how rental caps are typically enforced.
How to Start an HOA: A Step-by-Step Guide
How to form a homeowners association from scratch — incorporation, CC&Rs, bylaws, initial board, and getting your first assessments collected.
What Is Community Association Management?
Community association management explained: what it includes, how it differs from basic HOA management, and how to know if your community needs it.
Corporate Transparency Act: Do HOAs Still Have to File?
FinCEN's March 2025 interim final rule exempts U.S.-formed entities from beneficial ownership reporting, so Michigan HOAs and condo associations no longer file.
Michigan Condo Reserve Study Bill (HB 5784) Explained
Michigan HB 5784 would require condo reserve studies and funding plans. It is pending as of October 2026. Here is what boards should do now.
California HOA Fine Cap: What AB 130 Changed
AB 130, signed June 30, 2025, caps most California HOA fines at $100 per violation and bars late fees and interest on fines. What boards must update.
New California HOA Laws for 2027: Complete Overview
Five new California HOA laws: AB 956 (ADUs), AB 2050 (reserves), AB 1892 (elections), SB 908 (windows), and AB 2692 (LA County CC&Rs).
California AB 2050: HOA Reserve Funding Mandate
AB 2050 turns California reserve studies into a funding mandate starting January 1, 2032: annual updates, a minimum contribution, and a 15% budget transfer.
California SB 908: HOA Window Replacement Rules
SB 908 adds Civil Code 4754, voiding HOA restrictions on energy-code-compliant window replacements starting January 1, 2027, with a 45-day approval clock.
California AB 956: HOAs and ADU Restrictions in 2027
AB 956 extends California's HOA ADU protections to any zone allowing single-family homes starting January 1, 2027. What associations can and cannot restrict.
California SB 222: HOA Heat Pump and Gas-to-Electric Law
SB 222 adds Civil Code section 4737. HOAs cannot block heat pumps or gas-to-electric appliance swaps inside an owner's unit. Text, effective date, and board steps.
California HOA Laws Effective 2025: AB 2159, SB 900, More
California laws that took effect January 1, 2025: electronic voting, utility repair duties, election quorum, balcony inspectors, and more. What boards must do.
How to Read BBB and Trustpilot Reviews of HOA Managers
A BBB A+ and a 1.5-star Trustpilot score can describe the same HOA management company. Here is how boards should read both, and what to check instead.
Michigan SB 721 (PA 20 of 2024): MRTA Deadline Extended
PA 20 of 2024 moved the Marketable Record Title Act notice-of-claim deadline from March 29, 2024 to September 29, 2025. What it did and why it mattered to HOAs.
Michigan Source-of-Income Law (PA 179, 180, 200) and HOAs
Michigan bars landlords of five or more units from source-of-income discrimination, effective April 2, 2025. What associations and owners should know.
Janini v. London Townhouses: Condo Duty to Co-Owners
In July 2024 the Michigan Supreme Court held co-owners are invitees in common areas the association controls, overruling Francescutti. What boards must do.
Michigan PA 58 of 2025: Land Division Act Changes
PA 58 of 2025 raises the number of parcels that can be split under the Land Division Act, effective March 24, 2026. What associations should know.
Timber Lake v. Gribi: Long-Term Rentals and Commercial Use
The Michigan Court of Appeals held in September 2025 that any rental, even nine months, violated a covenant barring commercial use. What boards should check.
Fenton Orchards: Unbuilt Condo Units and Old Section 67
In September 2025 the Court of Appeals held unbuilt units reverted to common elements under old MCL 559.167 after 10 years. What it means for turnover.
FinCEN Real Estate Rule and Michigan Associations (2026)
FinCEN's residential real estate reporting rule took effect March 1, 2026, then a Texas court ruled it unenforceable on March 19. What associations should know.
Michigan HOA Solar Energy Policy: Required Contents
HEPA required every Michigan HOA to adopt a written solar policy within a year. Here is what the policy must say, and what happens if yours is late or missing.
Doskocz v. ALS: HOA Payment-Plan Waivers Void (CA)
A 2024 California appeal held an HOA collector could not make owners waive Civil Code 5655(a), which applies payments to assessments first.
Ruffier v. Volcano Hills: Assessment Increase Voided (CA)
A December 2025 California appeal voided a 5x assessment increase, even after members removed the governing-document cap. What Civil Code 5605 requires.
Bird Rock v. Breaking Ground: HOA Foreclosure Bids (CA)
A September 2025 California appeal held Civil Code 2924m's extended bidding period applies to HOA assessment-lien foreclosure sales.
Arroyo v. Pacific Ridge: Recall Ballots and Equal Access
A November 2025 California appeal held ballot materials with candidate statements are 'association media,' so a director facing recall gets equal access.
What Is a Condo Association? A Complete Guide
A condo association is the nonprofit run by unit owners to maintain shared property. Learn what it owns, how dues work and what to check before you buy.
How Does an HOA Work? A Homeowner's Guide
How an HOA works: who runs it, where the money goes, what rules it can enforce, and what rights you have as a homeowner, with Michigan and California notes.
Types of Community Associations: HOA, Condo, Co-op
The main types of community associations and how they differ: HOA, condominium, co-op and property owners association. Includes how many exist in the US.
Community Association Manager vs. Property Manager
Community association managers and property managers do different jobs. Learn who each serves, what they do, how they are paid and which your HOA needs.
What Powers Does an HOA Have? Limits and Rights
What an HOA can and cannot do: assessments, rules, fines, liens and foreclosure, plus the limits state law puts on boards.
California SB 547: Wildfire Insurance Protection for HOAs
SB 547 bars insurers from canceling or not renewing commercial property policies for a year after a wildfire emergency. What it means for California HOA boards.
California AB 1154: JADU Rules and What HOAs Should Know
AB 1154 changes owner-occupancy and rental rules for junior ADUs in California. How it may affect HOA ADU rules and what boards should review.
Florida Statutes Chapter 718: Condominium Act Key Sections
Florida's Condominium Act, Chapter 718, covers association operation, assessments, developer duties and sales disclosure. See its seven parts and changes.
Florida Statutes Chapter 720: HOA Act Key Sections
Chapter 720 is Florida's HOA Act: board meetings, records, fines, director education and the July 1, 2026 building permit rule. See what each section says.
Florida Statutes Chapter 617: Nonprofit Act, HB 797 Rewrite
Florida's nonprofit corporation law was rewritten by HB 797, effective July 1, 2026. See what changes for director duties, conflicts, liability and removal.
Florida Statutes § 553.899: Condo Milestone Inspections
Section 553.899 requires milestone inspections of condo and co-op buildings of three habitable stories or more. See the 30-year timing and repair rules.
Florida Statutes § 718.111: Condo Records and Insurance
Section 718.111 covers condo fiduciary duty, official records (10 working days), websites for 25+ units, insurance and financial reports, with deadlines.
Florida Statutes § 718.112: Condo Bylaws, Meetings, Budgets
Section 718.112 sets Florida condo bylaw terms: quarterly board meetings, election notices, the 8-year term limit, video meetings and the 115% budget rule.
Florida Statutes § 718.112(2)(f)-(g): Condo Reserves, SIRS
Florida condo reserve and structural integrity reserve study rules: the $25,675 2026 threshold, the 12/31/2025 and 12/31/2026 dates, and funding options.
Florida Statutes 718.112(2)(d): Condo Director Education
Florida condo directors must file a written certification and a 4-hour course certificate, plus 1 hour a year. Deadlines, suspension and term limits.
Florida Statutes 718.116: Condo Assessments and Liens
How Florida condo associations collect assessments: liability, first mortgagee cap, late fees, the one-year lien window, 45-day notices and estoppels.
Florida Statutes 720.303: HOA Records, Budgets and Meetings
Florida's core HOA operating statute: open meetings, records access, the 100-parcel website rule, budgets, reserves, financial report tiers and director recall.
Florida Statutes 720.305: HOA Fines and Suspensions
Florida HOAs may fine up to $100 per violation ($1,000 aggregate) unless the documents differ, after 14 days' notice and a committee hearing. Rules and limits.
Florida Statutes 720.3035: HOA Architectural Review Limits
What Florida HOA architectural committees may and may not do: scope of review, hidden interiors, written denials, hurricane protection and the 2026 permit rule.
Florida Statutes 720.3085: HOA Assessment Liens, Foreclosure
How Florida HOAs collect unpaid assessments: lien notices (30 and 45 days), interest, late fees, foreclosure, qualifying offers and the first mortgagee cap.
Florida SB 630 (2021): Community Associations Omnibus Law
Florida's 2021 omnibus for condo, co-op and HOA law, effective July 1, 2021: HOA rental amendments, record rules, EV charging, mediation and emergency powers.
Florida SB 4-D (2022): Condo Milestone and Reserve Law
SB 4-D created Florida's milestone inspections and structural integrity reserve study for condo and co-op buildings. Approved May 26, 2022; later amended.
Florida SB 154 (2023): Condo Milestone and Reserve Changes
SB 154 narrowed milestone inspections, made the 25-year coastal rule a local option, and changed SIRS, reserve, budget and sales rules. Approved June 9, 2023.
Florida HB 919 (2023): HOA Records, Fines and Voting Crimes
HB 919 (2023) made agenda notices specific, barred commingled owner deposits, required conflict disclosures, and created HOA voting crimes. Effective 10/1/2023.
Florida HB 1021 (2024): Condo Director Education and Records
HB 1021 (2024) added condo director education, quarterly meetings, records duties, criminal penalties and a 25-unit website rule. Effective dates are split.
Florida HB 1203 (2024): HOA Director Training and Records
HB 1203 (2024) added HOA director training, website records for 100+ parcels, fine hearing steps and vehicle rules. Effective 7/1/2024; website duty 1/1/2025.
Florida HB 913 (2025): Condo SIRS Deadline and Reserves
HB 913 (2025) moved the SIRS deadline to 12/31/2025, set a $25,000 reserve threshold, allowed video meetings and added a 7-day resale rescission period.
Florida HB 797 (2026): Nonprofit Act Rewrite for Boards
HB 797 rewrote Florida's Chapter 617 nonprofit corporation law effective July 1, 2026. Learn how it can reach HOA and condo boards and what remains unconfirmed.
Florida HB 803: No HOA Building Permit Before Review
Florida HB 803 added 720.3035(1)(c): an HOA or architectural committee may not require a building permit as a prerequisite for review. Effective July 1, 2026.
Florida Pecchia v. Wayside Estates (2024): HOA Records
Fifth DCA held HOA records duties in section 720.303 are mandatory: no substantial compliance, ten business days, and bank statements and insurance policies covered.
Florida Avila v. Biscayne 21 Condominium (2025) Ruling
Third DCA held lowering a condo termination vote from 100% to 80% alters owners' voting rights and the declaration lacked Kaufman language. Supreme Court declined review.
Florida HB 657 (2026): Bill That Died in the Senate
Florida HB 657 passed the House 108-2 in March 2026 but died in Senate Rules on March 13. It did not become law. Here is what it proposed and what stays the same.
Florida Rule 61B-22.005: Condo Reserves and SIRS Forms
Rule 61B-22.005 governs condominium reserves. A new version took effect Oct. 4, 2026 and another amendment is proposed with comments through Nov. 12, 2026.
North Carolina Chapter 47F: Planned Community Act Overview
Chapter 47F governs North Carolina HOAs created on or after Jan 1, 1999. See who is covered, the 20-lot exemption, pre-1999 rules and core board duties.
North Carolina Chapter 47C: Condominium Act Overview
Chapter 47C governs North Carolina condominiums created after Oct 1, 1986. See unit boundaries, declarations, board powers and how it differs from Chapter 47F.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-107.1: HOA Fine Hearings, $100 Cap
G.S. 47F-3-107.1 requires notice and a hearing before an NC HOA fines an owner or suspends privileges. Fines are capped at $100 and appeals run 15 days.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-116: HOA Liens and $1,200 Fee Cap
G.S. 47F-3-116 sets NC HOA lien steps: 30 days unpaid, a 15-day pre-filing statement, a board vote and 90 days before nonjudicial foreclosure.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-2-117: Amending a Declaration (67%)
G.S. 47F-2-117 requires a 67% vote or written agreement to amend an NC HOA declaration, recording to take effect, and a one-year window to challenge.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-118: HOA Records and Statements
G.S. 47F-3-118 gives NC owners an annual financial statement within 75 days and a payoff statement in 10 business days, with fees capped at $200 plus $100.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-121: HOA Flag and Political Signs
NC HOAs cannot restrict a U.S. or NC flag up to 4 by 6 feet on an owner's exclusive property after S.L. 2026-59 (Aug 11, 2026). Political sign rules explained.
North Carolina G.S. 22B-20: Solar Collectors and HOAs
G.S. 22B-20 voids NC covenants that prohibit solar collectors, but HOAs may still regulate location and bar panels visible on street-facing facades and roofs.
North Carolina S.L. 2022-12 (S.B. 278): Condo Certificates
S.L. 2022-12 requires an architect or engineer completion certificate before a NC condo declaration is recorded and adds a Marketable Title Act exception.
North Carolina S.L. 2026-51 (H.B. 372): Home Businesses
S.L. 2026-51 (G.S. 160A-205.8) bars cities from banning no-impact home businesses but leaves HOA and covenant restrictions in place. Effective July 7, 2026.
North Carolina S.L. 2026-52 (H.B. 517): HOA Annual Reports
S.L. 2026-52 adds a November 15 annual report for NC nonprofit corporations from 2027, a three-director minimum for new ones, and board committee rules.
North Carolina S.L. 2026-59 (S.B. 445): HOA Flag Display
S.L. 2026-59 removed the exceptions letting NC HOA documents restrict U.S. and N.C. flags up to 4 by 6 feet on an owner's own property. Effective Aug. 11, 2026.
North Carolina Wise v. Harrington Grove (2003): HOA Fines
In Wise v. Harrington Grove, the NC Supreme Court held the Planned Community Act did not give a pre-1999 association power to fine without document authority.
North Carolina Armstrong v. Ledges (2006): HOA Amendments
In Armstrong v. The Ledges, the NC Supreme Court held declaration amendments must be reasonable and struck a broad assessment amendment in a 49-lot subdivision.
North Carolina Bryan v. Kittinger (2022): Backyard Hens
Bryan v. Kittinger (N.C. Ct. App. 2022, COA21-98) involved hens under a household pets covenant. The opinion text could not be read, so this page is partial.
North Carolina H.B. 444 (2025): HOA Reform Bill, Not Law
North Carolina H.B. 444 (2025) is not law. Last action was 5/6/2025. This page describes Edition 3, which would change amendments, fines, liens and mediation.
New Jersey Condo Act 46:8B-21: Assessment Liens and Priority
How N.J.S.A. 46:8B-21 and 45:22A-44.1 let associations record liens for unpaid assessments, with limited six-month priority over mortgages.
New Jersey Condo Act 46:8B-15: Association Powers and Fines
What N.J.S.A. 46:8B-15 lets a condo association do: assess, fine, enter units, charge resale fees up to nine months of assessments, and handle funds.
New Jersey PREDFDA (45:22A-21): HOA and Condo Disclosure Act
Overview of New Jersey's Planned Real Estate Development Full Disclosure Act: who it covers, developer registration, association rules and DCA enforcement.
New Jersey 45:22A-43 and 45.2: HOA Membership and Elections
How N.J.S.A. 45:22A-43 and 45:22A-45.2 make every owner a member and set board election notice, nomination, ballot and 25 percent petition rules.
New Jersey Reserve Study Law 45:22A-44.2: 30-Year Plan
N.J.S.A. 45:22A-44.2 and 44.3 require a reserve study with a 30-year plan every five years, and allow 85 percent funding for up to five fiscal years.
New Jersey Structural Integrity Law 52:27D-132.4
P.L.2023, c.214 requires structural inspections of covered condo and co-op buildings and lets boards assess for corrective work after an engineer's report.
New Jersey 45:22A-48.1: HOA Rules on U.S. Flags and Signs
N.J.S.A. 45:22A-48.1 bars condo, HOA and co-op rules that limit the U.S. flag, yellow ribbons or troop-support signs, with four grounds for removal.
New Jersey P.L.2020, c.108: HOA Electric Vehicle Charger Law
New Jersey associations cannot prohibit or unreasonably restrict EV chargers in an owner's designated space; applications not denied in writing in 60 days are deemed approved.
New Jersey P.L.2021, c.379: Defect Claim Tolling for HOAs
P.L.2021, c.379 tolls the six-year limit on an association's claim against a developer until owners elect a board majority. Approved January 18, 2022.
New Jersey P.L.2023, c.214: Structural Integrity Law
P.L.2023, c.214 requires inspections of covered condo and co-op buildings and reserve studies with 30-year plans, and lets boards assess for structural repairs.
New Jersey P.L.2025, c.132: Reserve Funding and 85% Option
P.L.2025, c.132 defines adequate reserves, deletes the 10 percent catch-up rules and lets existing associations fund at 85 percent with a 20-point bold owner notice.
New Jersey S2368: HOA Plug-In Balcony Solar Limits
S2368, signed Sept. 1, 2026, exempts plug-in solar up to 1,200 watts from interconnection and bars HOAs from enforcing bans on exterior use, with reasonable limits.
New Jersey S4157 (2026, Pending): Board Member Training
S4157 would require three hours of DCA board training within 180 days of a director's term and let the Commissioner remove directors who skip it. Not law.
New Jersey A5306 (2026, Pending): 35-Year Reserve Plan
A5306 would let New Jersey associations elect a 35-year reserve funding plan and restart the 85 percent option's five-year clock. It is a pending bill, not law.
New Jersey S146 and A318 (2026): Structural Reserve Limit
S146 and A318 would limit New Jersey's structural integrity reserve rules to condo and co-op buildings of three stories or more and lengthen reserve catch-up periods.
New Jersey Twin Rivers v. Twin Rivers HOA: Sign Rules
In Twin Rivers (192 N.J. 344), the NJ Supreme Court upheld HOA limits on sign number and placement, but warned rules that unreasonably limit speech can fail.
New Jersey N.J.A.C. 5:26: DCA Regulations Overview
DCA readopted N.J.A.C. 5:26 without change effective March 3, 2025, through March 3, 2032. Here is what its 11 subchapters cover, especially Subchapter 8.
New Jersey R.2020 d.056: HOA Governance Rules
DCA's 2020 rules set election, open meeting, minutes, bylaw amendment and complaint standards for New Jersey associations. Effective May 18, 2020.
New Jersey R.2023 d.087: Good Standing and Director Removal
DCA's July 2023 amendments changed New Jersey HOA election good-standing, proxy, removal-petition and meeting-recording rules. Effective July 17, 2023.
New Jersey R.2021 d.074: Developer Assessments, Reserves
DCA's 2021 rules cap working capital at nine times the monthly assessment and set reserve study, account and spending rules during developer control.
New Jersey DCA Structural Integrity and Reserve FAQ
DCA's FAQ says NJ reserve studies apply to all planned developments, boards cannot self-prepare them, and DCA does not oversee owner-controlled reserves.
Texas Property Code Chapter 209: Owners Protection Act
Plain-English guide to Texas Property Code Chapter 209: what it covers, the board duties it sets, and the 2021 SB 1588 and 2025 SB 711 and SB 2629 changes.
Texas Property Code Chapter 202: What an HOA Cannot Restrict
Texas Property Code Chapter 202 limits what HOA covenants can ban, from flags and solar panels to rain barrels, plus the 2025 HB 517, HB 621 and HB 431 changes.
Texas Property Code Chapter 82: Uniform Condo Act Guide
Guide to the Texas Uniform Condominium Act, Chapter 82: who it covers, 2025 SB 2629 meeting and voting changes, association records, and the resale fee cap.
Texas Property Code Chapter 207: Resale Certificates
Texas Property Code Chapter 207 sets when an HOA must deliver a resale certificate, what it must contain, the fee caps, and the remedies when it is late.
Texas Property Code 209.006: Notice Before Fines
Texas Property Code 209.006 requires written notice and a chance to cure before an HOA fines an owner or sues. What the notice must say and when it is due.
Texas Property Code 209.007: Owner Hearing Before the Board
Texas Property Code 209.007 gives owners a hearing before the board within 30 days, an evidence packet 10 days ahead, and a 15-day postponement if it is late.
Texas Property Code 209.0063: Order of Owner Payments
Texas Property Code 209.0063 sets the order an HOA applies a payment: assessments first, then fees, then fines. Includes the payment plan default exception.
Texas Property Code 209.0062: HOA Payment Plan Guidelines
Texas HOAs with more than 14 lots must adopt payment plan guidelines. See the 3-month minimum, the 18-month limit, allowed interest and the recording rule.
Texas Property Code 209.009 and 209.011: Foreclosure Limits
Texas HOAs cannot foreclose on fines alone and generally need a court order. Read the statute's limits, waiver rule and the 180-day redemption period.
Texas Property Code 209.005: Owner Right to Inspect Records
How Texas HOA owners request records by certified mail, the 10 business day response, copy-charge policy, protected records, retention and justice court remedy.
Texas Property Code 209.0055: HOA Voting and Board Elections
Texas HOA election rules: notice timing, ballots, recounts, who can run, board elections and tabulation, plus the 2025 electronic meeting and voting changes.
Texas SB 1588 (2021): Property Owners' Association Reform
Texas SB 1588 (2021) amended Property Code Chapters 202, 207 and 209: resale fee cap, TREC filing, 45-day cure, hearing packets and justice court suits.
Texas SB 318 (2021): Condo Owner Books and Records Law
Texas SB 318 added Property Code 82.1141, giving condo owners a certified-mail records process with a 10 business day response and justice court remedy.
Texas HB 614 (2023): HOA Fine Schedule and Enforcement
Texas HB 614 added Property Code 209.0061: HOAs that fine owners must adopt a written fine schedule and policy and share it with owners from January 1, 2024.
Texas HB 886 (2023): Two Notices Before an HOA Lien
HB 886: a Texas HOA cannot file an assessment lien until two delinquency notices are sent and 90 days pass after the certified second one. Effective 9/1/2023.
Texas HB 1193 (2023): HOA Rental Bans and Section 8
HB 1193 added Property Code 202.024: a Texas HOA may not include or enforce a rule barring rentals based on method of payment, including Section 8 vouchers.
Texas SB 711 (2025): HOA Websites, Certificates and Fencing
SB 711 has larger or managed Texas condos post documents online, expands management certificates, caps condo resale fees at $375, and sets fence and ARC rules.
Texas SB 2629 (2025): Electronic HOA and Condo Meetings
SB 2629 allows electronic Texas condo and HOA meetings and electronic condo voting. HOAs must let owners vote by absentee ballot, proxy or electronic ballot.
Texas HB 517 (2025): No HOA Fines for Brown Grass in Drought
HB 517 bars a Texas HOA from fining for brown grass or missing green turf during a drought watering restriction and until the 60th day after it is lifted.
Texas Supreme Court Tarr v. Timberwood Park: STR Ruling
Tarr v. Timberwood Park: the Texas Supreme Court held a "residential purposes" covenant did not bar short-term rentals because it set no minimum lease length.
Texas Supreme Court JBrice v. Wilcrest Walk (2022) Ruling
JBrice v. Wilcrest Walk: the Texas Supreme Court held neither deed covenants nor Property Code 204.010(a)(6) let an HOA ban short-term rentals by rule.
Florida Chapter 719: Cooperative Act and Turnover
Florida's Cooperative Act, Chapter 719, parallels the Condominium Act but differs in key details. See its structure, turnover triggers and emergency powers.
Florida Chapter 558: Construction Defect Notice and Repair
Florida Chapter 558 requires pre-suit notice and a repair opportunity before construction defect claims. Associations over 20 parcels must give 120 days.
Florida Statute 720.3033: HOA Director Education Rules
Florida s. 720.3033 requires HOA directors to file an education certificate within 90 days, bars kickbacks, and sets conflict-of-interest and removal rules.
Florida Statute 718.128: Condo Electronic Voting and Ballots
Florida s. 718.128 lets condo boards adopt online voting, lets 25 percent of owners petition for it, and requires an e-mail address for electronic ballots.
Florida Statute 718.3027: Condo Director Conflicts
Florida s. 718.3027 requires condo directors and officers to disclose conflicts, recuse, win a two-thirds vote, and lets owners cancel undisclosed contracts.
Florida Statute 718.301: Condo Developer Turnover and Audits
Florida s. 718.301 sets when owners take over a condo board from the developer and what the developer must deliver, including audited financials and SIRS.
Florida Statute 720.306: HOA Meetings, Voting and Elections
Florida s. 720.306 sets HOA quorum, 14-day meeting notice, proxies, board election rules and two-thirds amendment votes. Many apply unless bylaws differ.
Florida Statutes 720.304 and 720.3045: HOA Flags
Florida HOAs may not bar up to two listed flags, a 20-foot flagpole, or items not visible from the frontage or neighbors, such as turf, boats and RVs.
Florida Statute 163.04: HOA and Condo Solar and Clotheslines
Florida Statute 163.04 bars deed restrictions from prohibiting solar collectors or clotheslines and lets associations set roof location. Prevailing party gets fees.
Florida Chapter 468 Part VIII: Association Manager Licensing
Florida Statutes 468.432, .4334, .4335 and .436: manager licensing, required contract language, a 20-business-day records return rule and conflict limits.
Florida Statutes 617.0830-.0834: Director Duties
Florida Chapter 617 sets the director standard of care, conflict transaction rules and limits on personal liability. All three sections were amended in 2026.
Florida SB 56 (2021): HOA and Condo Assessment Invoices
Florida SB 56 set rules for delivering assessment invoices and a late notice before attorney fees, and lengthened condo lien notice to 45 days. Effective 7/1/2021.
Florida HB 437 (2023): HOA Right to Install and Display
Florida HB 437 created section 720.3045 on items not visible from the street, expanded HOA flag rights and added Patriot Day for condo flags. Effective 7/1/2023.
Florida SB 360 (2023): Statute of Repose Cut to 7 Years
Florida SB 360 shortened the outside deadline for construction defect suits from 10 to 7 years and changed the triggering dates. Effective April 13, 2023.
Florida HB 293 (2024): HOA Hurricane Protection Limits
Florida HB 293 added section 720.3035(6): HOAs must adopt hurricane protection specifications and may not deny conforming applications. Effective May 28, 2024.
Florida HB 59 (2024): HOA Must Give Rules and Covenants
Florida HB 59 requires HOAs to give members the rules and covenants, new members a copy, and amended copies, with a website option. Effective July 1, 2024.
Florida SB 1028 (2026): Citizens Insurance Clearinghouse
SB 1028 (ch. 2026-150) makes Citizens build commercial clearinghouses by January 1, 2027 and can make some commercial risks ineligible. What boards should know.
Florida Ruiz De Gamboa v. Newth Gardens (2025) Records
Fourth DCA 2025: an association that could not prove it mailed a records response did not rebut the presumption of willful noncompliance under s. 718.111(12).
Florida New Horizons v. Harding (2022): Judgment Rule
Third DCA 2022: the business judgment rule need not be pleaded as an affirmative defense, and a master association budget line was within its powers.
Florida Woodside Village v. Jahren (2002): Leasing Rules
Florida Supreme Court 2002: a leasing cap adopted by a two-thirds vote bound earlier buyers. Section 718.110(13) now limits rental amendments to consenting owners.
Florida Kaufman v. Shere (1977): Kaufman Language
Third DCA 1977: a declaration adopting the Condominium Act 'as it may be amended from time to time' took in a later statute. Origin of Kaufman language.
Florida Cohn v. Grand Condominium (2011): Retroactivity
Florida Supreme Court 2011: a 2007 retroactivity clause in s. 718.404(2) could not impair a 1986 declaration that adopted the Act as of recording.
Florida McLlenan v. Cypress Chase (2024): Water Damage Duty
Fourth DCA 2024: an association must repair damaged common elements no matter the cause, even a leak from an upstairs unit. Summary judgment reversed.
Florida Dwork v. Executive Estates (2017): Fine Notice
Fourth DCA 2017: an HOA gave 13 days' notice of a fine hearing, not the 14 required by s. 720.305(2)(b), so the lien and money judgment failed.
Florida HB 465 and SB 822 (2026): Failed Manager Bills
HB 465 and SB 822 would have required larger Florida associations to hire a licensed manager or firm. Both died March 13, 2026 and are not law.
Florida DBPR Reserve Threshold: 2026 Inflation Figure
Florida's Division posts an annual inflation-adjusted reserve threshold for condominiums: $25,000 in 2025 and $25,675 in 2026. See what it covers.
Florida DBPR SIRS Reporting: 45-Day Filing and Database
Florida condominium and cooperative associations report a completed structural integrity reserve study to the Division within 45 days. How it works.
Florida Rule 61B-23.002 (2026): Condo Online Accounts
Florida's Rule 61B-23.002, amended effective June 18, 2026, implements the condominium online account in Section 718.501(3). What we could read.
Florida Rule 61B-19.001 (2026): Condo Director Certification
Florida's Rule 61B-19.001, effective September 3, 2026, covers course providers for condominium director education under Section 718.112(2)(d)5.b.
Florida Rule 61B-19.004 (2026): HOA Director Education Rule
Florida's new Rule 61B-19.004, effective September 7, 2026, implements HOA director education under Section 720.3033. See what the statute requires.
Florida Rules 61B-23.0021, .00211: Condo E-Voting
Florida's Division rules set condominium election mechanics: notices, ballot envelopes, counting, re-noticing and electronic voting. Both date from March 2016.
North Carolina Chapter 55A: Nonprofit Act and HOA Boards
How G.S. Chapter 55A sets director and officer duties, conflict rules, removal and records rights for North Carolina HOAs incorporated as nonprofits.
North Carolina G.S. 7A-38.3F: Prelitigation Mediation
G.S. 7A-38.3F makes mediation of NC HOA and condo disputes voluntary, splits costs, tolls deadlines and requires a yearly notice to members.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-108 to 3-110: Meetings, Voting
North Carolina HOA meeting rules: annual meeting, 10 to 60 day notice with agenda, 10% default quorum, proxies and owner comment time at board meetings.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-103: HOA Board Authority
G.S. 47F-3-103 limits what an NC HOA board can do alone, sets the budget ratification process and lets owners remove directors by a meeting vote.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-102: Association Powers
G.S. 47F-3-102 lists the powers of a North Carolina HOA, from rules and budgets to fines and late charges, and how 47C-3-102 compares for condos.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-1-102: Planned Community Scope
G.S. 47F-1-102 decides whether the Planned Community Act covers your NC HOA: the 1999 cutoff, the 20-lot exemption, pre-1999 sections and the 67% opt-in.
North Carolina Chapter 45 Art. 2A: Power of Sale
How NC HOA lien foreclosure works under G.S. 47F-3-116 and Chapter 45 Article 2A: board vote, clerk hearing, sale notice, upset bids and the $1,200 cap.
North Carolina SEJAC v. Emerson (2009): Covenant Amendments
The N.C. Supreme Court upheld new annual service charges at Lake Junaluska in Emerson (2009), applying Armstrong's reasonableness test to a unique community.
North Carolina S.B. 378 (2025): HOA Bill That Stalled
S.B. 378 would have changed NC HOA manager contracts, fine hearings, foreclosure and mediation. It passed the Senate 47-0 but is not law.
North Carolina H.B. 542 (2023): HOA Bill That Failed
H.B. 542 (2023) started as a $2,500 HOA lien minimum and grew into a package on fines, foreclosure and management contracts. It never became law.
New Jersey Condominium Act (46:8B-1 et seq.): Overview
A plain-English map of the New Jersey Condominium Act: definitions, the association, bylaws, common expenses, casualty rules and where to find each section.
New Jersey 46:8B-12.1 and 12.2: Condo Developer Turnover
How control of a New Jersey condo passes from developer to owners: 25, 40 and 75 percent board milestones, a 60-day records handover, and 2-year contract limits.
New Jersey 46:8B-13 and 14: Condo Bylaws and Open Meetings
What New Jersey condo bylaws must include, which board meetings must be open, and the dispute resolution procedure required by 46:8B-14(k).
New Jersey 45:22A-26: Developer Registration, Cancellation
New Jersey developers must register, give a public offering statement, and allow 7-day no-cause cancellation. Since 2024 they must offer structural reports too.
New Jersey P.L.2020, c.100: Pre-1977 Community Assessments
Associations in pre-1977 New Jersey communities cannot require assessments the title record does not impose, and certain post-2017 liens are void.
New Jersey 45:22A-43.1 and 47.1: Developer Maintenance
New Jersey developers must prepare a preventive maintenance document and, at 75 percent conveyed, hand over control and a 19-item list of association records.
New Jersey 45:22A-48.2: HOA Limits on Rooftop Solar
New Jersey associations cannot ban solar collectors on certain single-family and townhouse roofs, but may set rules on installers, placement, color and size.
New Jersey 45:22A-48.5: Law Enforcement Vehicle Parking
New Jersey planned developments cannot bar law enforcement vehicles because of emergency lights or a commercial vehicle rule. Other parking rules still apply.
New Jersey P.L.2019, c.68 (A5002): Assessment Lien Priority
P.L.2019, c.68 kept the six-month lien priority for condos, added annual renewal, and created a parallel lien section for other planned developments.
New Jersey P.L.2020, c.100 (S908): Pre-PREDFDA Assessments
P.L.2020, c.100 limits assessments where an owner's title record imposes none and voids liens based solely on a misreading of the 2017 law.
New Jersey P.L.2023, c.175: HOA Police Vehicle Parking
P.L.2023, c.175 bars planned developments from banning police vehicles because of emergency lights or commercial-vehicle rules. Ordinary parking rules still apply.
New Jersey P.L.2024, c.66 (S2188): Legionella Water Programs
P.L.2024, c.66 requires Legionella water management programs for listed buildings, including residential high-rises with six or more floors.
New Jersey Siller v. Hartz Mountain (1983): Standing
How the New Jersey Supreme Court's 1983 Siller decision treated a condominium association's role and its claims over common elements against a developer.
New Jersey Thanasoulis v. Winston Towers (1988): Fees
The New Jersey Supreme Court's 1988 ruling on a condo association's parking-fee rule, the limits of its rulemaking power, and the residency-rule remand.
New Jersey Fox v. Kings Grant (2001): Umbrella Limits
The New Jersey Supreme Court held a condominium cannot be forced to hand control of its common elements to an umbrella association. What it allowed and did not.
New Jersey Highland Lakes v. Franzino (2006): Dues
What the New Jersey Supreme Court decided in Highland Lakes Country Club v. Franzino about association assessments, based on the opinion itself.
New Jersey Palisades at Fort Lee v. 100 Old Palisade (2017)
When a condominium association's construction-defect claims accrue under the New Jersey Supreme Court's 2017 Palisades decision, and the later legislative fix.
New Jersey A3467 (2024): Proposed DCA Ombudsman and Council
A3467 would have created a DCA advisory council, ombudsman and trust fund for larger communities. It is not law. What it proposed and what current law is.
New Jersey S1013 (2024): Proposed Deductible Ban
S1013 would bar condo associations from assessing insurance deductibles to owners for non-intentional damage. It is not law. Text, status and current rules.
New Jersey S4365 (2026): Pending Structural Inspection Bill
S4365 would let New Jersey municipalities exclude duplexes and small townhouse rows from structural inspections. It is pending, not law. What it says.
Texas Property Code Chapter 216: Old Deed Restrictions
Texas Property Code Chapter 216 lets owners in certain pre-1947 subdivisions extend or amend deed restrictions by petition with 66.6 percent parcel consent.
Texas Business Organizations Code Chapter 22: HOA Nonprofits
Texas Business Organizations Code Chapter 22 sets notice, remote meeting, written consent and records rules for HOAs and condos organized as nonprofits.
Texas Property Code 5.008 and 5.012: Seller HOA Notice Rules
Texas Property Code 5.012 requires sellers to give buyers a property owners' association notice before contract; 5.008 covers the seller's property disclosure.
Texas Property Code 209.004, 82.116: Management Certificates
Texas associations must record a management certificate and file it with TREC within 7 days; missed filings cut off owner liability for collection fees.
Texas Property Code 209.0064 and 209.0065: Collection Fees
Texas Property Code 209.0064 and 209.0065 set the certified-mail notice, 45-day cure period and credit-reporting limits an HOA must meet before collections.
Texas Property Code 209.0051: Open Board Meetings and Notice
Texas Property Code 209.0051 requires open HOA board meetings with 144-hour or 72-hour notice and lists 15 matters that need a noticed open meeting.
Texas Property Code 209.0041: Amending an HOA Declaration
Texas Property Code 209.0041 sets a 67 percent default vote to amend a declaration, with exceptions for development periods and mixed-use portions.
Texas Property Code 209.016: HOA Rules on Tenants and Leases
Texas Property Code 209.016 bars HOA tenant approval and credit report rules but allows lease restrictions and requests for resident contact information.
Texas Property Code 209.017: Owner Suits in Justice Court
Texas Property Code 209.017 lets an owner sue the HOA in justice court for a Chapter 209 violation. Added by S.B. 1588, effective September 1, 2021.
Texas Property Code 202.010: HOA Limits on Solar Devices
Texas Property Code 202.010 voids HOA bans on solar energy devices, lists the limits still allowed, and since H.B. 431 (2025) covers solar roof tiles.
Texas Property Code 202.012: HOA Rules on U.S., Texas Flags
Texas Property Code 202.012 bars HOA rules restricting display of the U.S., Texas or armed forces flags, but allows reasonable pole, size and lighting rules.
Texas SB 581 (2025): HOA Limits on Religious Items Display
Texas SB 581 (2021) widened Property Code 202.018 so HOAs cannot bar religious items anywhere on an owner's property or dwelling, subject to listed exceptions.
Texas HB 3571 (2025): HOA Limits on Cameras and Fences
Texas HB 3571 (2021) added Property Code 202.023, barring HOA covenants that stop owners installing security cameras, motion detectors or perimeter fences.
Texas HB 1659 (2025): Mixed-Use Declaration Amendments
Texas HB 1659 (2021) added 209.0041(d-1): the HOA declaration-amendment procedure skips changes affecting commercial, industrial, apartment or condo areas.
Texas HB 1558 (2025): Amending Old Subdivision Restrictions
Texas HB 1558 (2023) created Chapter 216, a 66.6 percent petition process for pre-1947 subdivisions in cities of 2 million or more with voluntary associations.
Texas HB 621 (2025): HOA Limits on Candidate Events
Texas HB 621 (2025) added Property Code 202.013: HOAs cannot ban owner-invited officials and candidates from common areas but may apply normal fee and hours rules.
Texas HB 431 (2025): HOA Rules and Solar Roof Tiles
Texas HB 431 (2025) added solar roof tiles to the solar energy device definition in Property Code 202.010, stating the change clarifies existing law.
Texas In re Kappmeyer (2023): Owner Joinder in Amendments
In re Kappmeyer (Tex. May 12, 2023): owners challenging board-adopted amended restrictions need not join about 700 other owners. Mandamus granted.
Texas Brooks v. Northglen (2004): Assessment Increases
Brooks v. Northglen (Tex. 2004): an HOA could not raise assessments past its deed restrictions under Chapter 204, and could not foreclose for a late fee.
Texas Inwood North v. Harris (1987): HOA Liens and Homestead
Inwood North v. Harris (Tex. 1987): homestead law did not bar an HOA from foreclosing a recorded assessment lien. Assessments run with the land.
Texas SB 1668 (2023): Vetoed HOA and Condo Bill, Not Law
Texas SB 1668 (2023) passed both chambers but was vetoed. It would have set condo website, TREC filing and resale fee rules. It never became law.
Texas SB 1935 (2025): Proposed HOA Fine and Cap Bill
Texas SB 1935 (2025) would have required earlier owner board seats, capped continuing fines and limited assessment hikes. It is not law.
Texas HB 2024: Six-Year Limit With Written Warranty
Texas HB 2024 (2023) amended CPRC 16.009: for a residence, suits against a contractor with a compliant written warranty must be filed within six years, not 10.
Texas River Plantation v. River Plantation (2024): Easement
River Plantation (Tex. June 14, 2024): a subdivision golf course was not burdened by an implied reciprocal negative easement; the Court declined to reach estoppel theory.
HOA Fees Explained: What They Cover and Why They Rise
What HOA fees (dues) are, what they pay for, how boards set and raise them, what happens if unpaid, and what to ask before you buy.
What Is a COA? Condo Owners Association vs HOA vs POA
A COA is the owner-run association of a condo. Learn what it controls, how it differs from an HOA or POA, and how master and HO-6 insurance split.
How to Fight an HOA Fine: Steps, Hearing Rights and Appeals
Step-by-step guide to disputing an HOA fine: read the notice, respond in writing, use your hearing, appeal, and know when to call a lawyer.
Operating Fund vs Reserve Fund in an HOA Explained
How HOA operating and reserve funds differ, what a reserve study includes, funding methods, state examples and the risks of commingling.
HOA Special Assessments: Who Approves, Notice, Payment Plans
What an HOA special assessment is, who must approve it, notice rules with state examples, payment plans, and alternatives boards should weigh first.
HOA Demand Letter and Payoff Letter Explained
What an HOA demand or payoff letter is, who can charge what, state limits with examples, how owners respond and how boards run clean collections.
HOA Capital Contribution Fee: Who Pays, Limits, Closing
What an HOA capital contribution (working capital or initiation fee) is, how it differs from transfer and resale fees, who pays, and state limits.
HOA Meeting Minutes Template: Copy-Ready Format and Example
A copy-ready HOA meeting minutes template with a filled-in example, what to record and omit, executive session rules, approval and retention.
HOA Financial Statement Review: How to Read a Balance Sheet
How a board reads an HOA financial statement line by line: balance sheet, budget vs. actual, cash, reserves, delinquencies, red flags and a worked example.
HOA Accounting Software: What It Does and What to Look For
What HOA accounting software must do: fund accounting, assessment billing, delinquency tracking, reconciliation, portal. Buyer checklist and vendor questions.
How to Pay HOA Dues Online: ACH, Autopay, Fees and Scams
Owner guide to paying HOA dues online: ACH vs. card, autopay, checks, login problems, late fees, scams to avoid and how boards can offer free ACH.
HOA Directors and Officers Insurance for Board Members
What HOA D&O insurance covers and excludes, claims-made terms, fidelity vs. D&O, volunteer liability laws (federal, CA, FL) and questions for your broker.
California Case Law 2025: Ridley v. Rancho Palma Grande HOA
Court of Appeal affirmed an injunction against a condo HOA that took 19 months to fix common-area water intrusion; deference and business judgment defenses failed.
California Case Law 2025: Eng v. Opperman, HOA ADU Denial
Court of Appeal upheld a planned-development board's denial of a garage-to-ADU application under Lamden deference and the business judgment rule.
California Case Law 2025: Peterson v. Zhang, View Dispute
Court of Appeal held a denied sanctions motion does not trigger the interim adverse judgment rule in a malicious prosecution suit rooted in an HOA tree-view program.
California Case Law 2025: Cocoa AJ Holdings v. Schneider
Court of Appeal affirmed striking a developer's cross-complaint against a timeshare condo owner who campaigned against CC&R amendments and sued the HOA.
California Case Law 2026: Tulare Medical Center v. Valdivia
Fifth District held a recorded CC&R use restriction unenforceable on public-policy and Civil Code section 53 grounds, affirming denial of a preliminary injunction.
California Case Law 2026: WCST v. Ling, Attorney Fees
Court of Appeal held a judgment naming a prevailing party does not guarantee fees; section 5975(c) requires an action to enforce the governing documents.
California HOA Case Law 2025 and 2026: Appellate Decisions
Table of published California Court of Appeal decisions from 2025 and 2026 on HOAs, condos, CC&Rs and the Davis-Stirling Act, with holdings and links.
Michigan MCL 559.208: Condo Assessment Lien and Foreclosure
How Michigan condo associations lien and foreclose for unpaid assessments under MCL 559.208: notice of lien, 10-day mailing, priority and 6-month redemption.
Michigan MCL 559.211: Condo Resale and Unpaid Assessments
MCL 559.211 puts unpaid condo assessments on the sale price and gives buyers a written statement that caps their liability if requested 5 days before sale.
Michigan MCL 559.158: Mortgage Foreclosure and Condo Dues
Under MCL 559.158 a lender or purchaser that takes title by first-mortgage foreclosure is not liable for earlier assessments. Priority and notice rules explained.
Michigan MCL 559.157: Condo Records Access and Annual Audit
MCL 559.157 gives co-owners and mortgagees access to condo records and requires a CPA audit or review above $20,000 revenue, unless a majority votes to opt out.
Michigan MCL 450.2485, 450.2487: Member Records Inspection
How members of a Michigan nonprofit corporation, including many HOAs, demand records: written demand, proper purpose, 5 business days, court order and fee shifting.
Michigan MCL 559.152: Developer Turnover and Board Control
MCL 559.152 sets when Michigan condo owners get an advisory committee and board seats: 25%, 50% and 75% thresholds, the 54-month rule and consolidating deed.
Michigan MCL 559.155: Voiding Developer Contracts
MCL 559.155 lets an owner-controlled Michigan condo board void developer-affiliated service and management contracts within 90 days of transitional control.
Michigan MCL 559.190: Amending a Master Deed and Bylaws
MCL 559.190 lets Michigan condo documents be amended by 2/3 of co-owners and mortgagees, bars higher thresholds, and requires 10 days' notice before recording.
Michigan MCL 559.190a: Mortgagee Voting on Condo Amendments
How Michigan condo associations run the first-mortgagee ballot on amendments: control date, 90-day deemed approval, and the short list of votes.
Michigan MCL 559.212: Condo Leasing Disclosure and Tenants
Michigan condo owners must disclose leases 10 days ahead. Learn the 15-day cure period, eviction action and rent redirection for unpaid assessments.
Michigan MCL 559.147a: Condo Disability Modifications
Michigan co-owners may modify units for disability access despite document limits. See the 60-day review clock, insurance and removal rules.
Michigan MCL 559.154: Mandatory Condo Bylaws and Arbitration
What Michigan condominium bylaws must contain under MCL 559.154: records, annual financial statement, indemnification, and consent-based arbitration.
Michigan MCL 559.205: Condo Reserve Fund and HB 5784 Status
Michigan's reserve fund statute is one sentence. See what MCL 559.205 requires, what it leaves out, and where HB 5784 stands in committee.
Michigan MCL 559.207 and 559.215: Suing to Enforce Documents
How Michigan co-owners and associations can sue to enforce condo documents under MCL 559.207 and 559.215, and when attorney fees are available.
Michigan MCL 559.169: Who Pays Limited Common Element Costs
Michigan condo law on limited common element costs, special assessments, percentage of value, and why nonuse of common elements is no excuse.
Michigan MCL 559.167: Reversion of Undeveloped Condo Land
How a Michigan condo association can reclaim unbuilt land: the developer's 10-year window, the 2/3 vote, 60-day notice and recording steps.
Michigan MCL 559.209: Liability for Developer Torts
MCL 559.209 says the association and co-owners are not liable for torts caused by the developer in the common elements. What it covers and what it leaves open.
Michigan MCL 559.171: Developer Notice Before Reservations
MCL 559.171 requires written notice to local government and state agencies at least 10 days before the earliest of reservations, recording or construction.
Michigan MCL 559.131-.143: Expandable and Convertible Condos
How Michigan master deeds reserve developer rights to add, withdraw or convert land: required contents, the 6-year limit and when changes take legal effect.
Michigan MCL 559.154 and 559.156: Condo Insurance Bylaws
What the Michigan Condominium Act requires bylaws to say about casualty damage, liability costs and insurance proceeds, and what it leaves to your documents.
Michigan MCL 559.156a: Condo Owner US Flag Display
MCL 559.156a bars condo associations and developers from prohibiting one US flag up to 3 by 5 feet on a unit exterior. Scope, gaps and board steps.
Michigan MCL 450.2541: Nonprofit Director Duties, Liability
The Michigan Nonprofit Corporation Act standard of care for directors and officers, reliance on experts, volunteer limits and the 3-year and 2-year time limit.
Michigan MCL 450.2407: Member Action by Written Consent
How members of a Michigan nonprofit corporation can act by written consent: unanimous consent, consent allowed by the articles, notice and electronic consents.
Michigan MCL 450.2485: Nonprofit Books, Records and Minutes
What the Michigan Nonprofit Corporation Act requires an association to keep: accounts, minutes, a membership record, electronic form and free conversion to paper.
Michigan Nonprofit Act (MCL 450.2402-.2441): Proxies
Michigan's default rules for association member meetings: 10 to 60 days notice, majority quorum, 3-year proxies, remote meetings, ballots and court-ordered meetings.
Michigan PA 68 of 2024: HOA Solar Policy Checklist
Michigan's Homeowners' Energy Policy Act took effect April 2, 2025. What the solar policy must say, the 30 and 120 day clocks and what happens if a board misses them.
Michigan PA 13 of 2025: Marketable Record Title Act for HOAs
2025 PA 13 took effect September 29, 2025. Who may record a notice of claim, the 2-year window, new section 5a, and the exceptions for declarations and master deeds.
Michigan HB 5784 (2026): Condo Reserve Study Bill, Not Law
HB 5784 would require reserve studies and funding plans for many Michigan condo associations. It is pending in committee and not law. Status checked November 13, 2026.
Michigan Walden Hills II v. Walden Hills (2025): 2/3 Vote
Court of Appeals held a 1983 shared community building agreement did not materially alter co-owner rights, so no two-thirds vote was needed. Unpublished, Docket 366707.
Michigan Springfield v. Deer Run Estates (2025): Bylaws
Court of Appeals held former co-owners had standing under MCL 559.215 and nonprofit condo bylaws are a binding contract. Selective enforcement claim failed. Unpublished.
Michigan PCJ Investments v. Richard Rowhouses (2026)
Court of Appeals held 14 unbuilt units reverted to common elements in 2014, an unrecorded amendment did not revive them, and no replat was needed. Unpublished, Docket 371319.
Michigan Condo Resale: MCL 559.211 vs. 559.184a Documents
Michigan has no statutory resale package list. MCL 559.211 gives buyers a written statement of unpaid amounts; 559.184a lists developer presale documents only.
Michigan Condo Lien Foreclosure by Advertisement
How an association lien foreclosure by advertisement works: recorded notice of lien, 10-day mailing, 4-week publication, sheriff sale and 6-month redemption.
Michigan Fair Housing for Associations: PWDCRA and ELCRA
What Michigan's disability and civil rights acts say about accommodations, modifications and housing discrimination for HOAs and condo boards. Federal law not covered.
Michigan Kandil-Elsayed v. F & E Oil (2023): Snow, Ice
Michigan Supreme Court moved the open and obvious doctrine from duty to breach and comparative fault in a snow case. What it means for condo and HOA walkways.
California SB 625: HOA Disaster Rebuild and Review Deadlines
SB 625 voids HOA rules that block a substantially similar rebuild after a declared disaster and sets 30-day and 45-day architectural review clocks.
California SB 770: HOA EV Charging, No Additional Insured
SB 770 removes the rule that an owner's EV charger policy name the HOA as additional insured; the owner still must carry liability coverage and a certificate.
California SB 410: HOA Records and Balcony Report Access
SB 410 makes balcony (EEE) inspection reports inspectable association records, adds them to resale disclosures and expands the report's first page.
California AB 1572: HOA Nonfunctional Turf Water Ban 2029
AB 1572 bars potable irrigation of nonfunctional turf in HOA common areas from January 1, 2029, with certification for larger sites starting June 30, 2031.
California Case Law 2026: Parsons v. City of Indian Wells
Court of Appeal held a city ordinance letting CIDs opt out of a 29-night minimum stay is not preempted by Civil Code 4740 or the Davis-Stirling voting rules.
Florida Statutes 718.1255: Condo Arbitration and Mediation
Florida condo disputes must go to Division arbitration or presuit mediation before suit. What counts, what is excluded, deadlines and the 2027 addition.
Florida Statutes 720.311: HOA Presuit Mediation Demand
Florida HOA covenant, records and meeting disputes need a certified-mail mediation demand before suit. 20-day response, 90-day deadline and fee rules.
Florida Statutes 718.117: Condo Termination and 80% Vote
How Florida condos terminate: economic waste, the 80 percent optional plan, 5 percent veto, bulk-owner protections, the 90-day contest window.
Florida Statutes 718.1265: Condo Emergency Powers
Florida condo boards get emergency powers after a declared emergency: video meetings, closures, owner repairs, special assessments and borrowing without a vote.
Florida Statutes 718.3026: Condo Contracts, 5% Bid Rule
Florida condo contracts for services must be in writing, and bids are required above 5 percent of the annual budget. Exceptions and board practice.
Florida Statutes 718.113: Condo Maintenance, Alterations, EV
Florida condo maintenance duty, the 75 percent default for material alterations, flags, EV chargers and mandatory hurricane protection specifications.
Florida Statutes 718.303: Condo Owner Obligations and Fines
Florida condo fines cap at $100 per violation and $1,000 total, need a committee hearing, and cannot become liens. Suspension and voting rules.
Florida Statutes 720.3075: HOA Prohibited Clauses and Limits
Florida HOA documents cannot bar owner-hired contractors, driveway parking, flags or Florida-friendly landscaping, and developer lock-in clauses are void.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-122: HOA Irrigation During Drought
G.S. 47F-3-122 says an HOA irrigation covenant cannot be read to require watering during declared drought and water restrictions, with limits on fines.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-107: HOA Upkeep and Damage Claims
G.S. 47F-3-107 splits HOA and owner maintenance duties and lets a hearing panel assess small damage claims that become lien-secured assessments.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-110: HOA Voting and Proxy Limits
G.S. 47F-3-110 requires dated proxies that expire after 11 months and sets co-owner, lessee and sub-group voting rules for planned community associations.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-113: HOA Insurance Rules
G.S. 47F-3-113 requires HOA property insurance of at least 80% of replacement cost, reasonable liability coverage, set policy terms and proceeds held in trust.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-115: Assessments, Interest Cap
G.S. 47F-3-115 requires at least annual HOA assessments allocated by the declaration, caps past-due interest at 18% a year and covers owner-caused costs.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-120: HOA Enforcement, Fees
G.S. 47F-3-120 lets a court award the prevailing party reasonable attorneys' fees in covenant enforcement actions only if the declaration allows fee recovery.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-2-118: Planned Community Termination
G.S. 47F-2-118 allows terminating a planned community only by agreement of owners holding 80% of votes, recorded like a deed, with rules for title and proceeds.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-112: Conveying HOA Common Elements
G.S. 47F-3-112 lets an HOA convey or encumber common elements only with written agreement of 80% of votes, plus affected owners for limited common elements.
North Carolina McVicker v. Bogue Sound (2017): Fines
The Court of Appeals held an HOA could not require a $250 construction bond its covenants did not authorize, and that fines for refusing it were unlawful.
North Carolina Willow Bend v. Robinson (2008): Legal Fees
The Court of Appeals upheld an assessment for legal defense costs under a 'welfare' covenant but denied mandatory fees under G.S. 47F-3-116(e).
North Carolina Schwartz v. Banbury Woods (2009): Parking
The Court of Appeals held a covenant covering 'campers' reached a motor home and upheld $400 in fines imposed under G.S. 47F-3-107.1.
North Carolina Wallach v. Linville Owners (2014): Amendments
The Court of Appeals voided an amendment ending builder assessment discounts as unreasonable under Armstrong, and vacated the HOA's judgment and fees.
New Jersey Micheve v. Wyndham Place (2005): Capital Fee
The Appellate Division struck a $750 working capital fee charged only to new unit buyers under N.J.S.A. 46:8B-17. What boards should check.
New Jersey Condo Act 46:8B-17: Common Expense Charges
N.J.S.A. 46:8B-17 sets how condo common expenses are shared by percentage interest, become a lien and accrue interest. Plain-English guide.
New Jersey Condo Act 46:8B-38: Right of First Refusal Ban
N.J.S.A. 46:8B-38 bars condo developers and associations from holding a right of first refusal on resale, gift or devise. Scope and exception.
New Jersey 45:22A-48.3: HOA Disability Accommodation Notice
N.J.S.A. 45:22A-48.3 directs state agencies to post disability accommodation rights for condo and HOA owners. What it does and does not require.
New Jersey 45:22A-44.1: HOA Liens and Mortgage Priority
N.J.S.A. 45:22A-44.1 lets associations record assessment liens with limited priority over mortgages. Requirements, limits and the 60-month rule.
Texas Property Code Chapter 204: POA Powers and Petitions
Chapter 204 gives associations in certain Texas counties listed powers and a 75 percent petition path to amend deed restrictions. It is not Chapter 209.
Texas Property Code 202.004: HOA Enforcement Discretion
Section 202.004 presumes an HOA's covenant decisions reasonable unless arbitrary, capricious or discriminatory, and lets courts award up to $200 a day.
Texas Property Code 202.006: HOA Must Record Documents
Under Section 202.006 a dedicatory instrument has no effect until filed in county records, and an HOA cannot collect regular assessments without one.
Texas Property Code 209.008: HOA Attorney's Fees Rules
Section 209.008 requires written notice before an HOA charges attorney's fees, shields owners before the hearing, and caps fees in a nonjudicial sale.
Texas Property Code 209.014: Owner Demand for Annual Meeting
If a Texas HOA board does not call an annual meeting, owners may demand one and, after 30 days, three owners can form an election committee.
Texas Property Code 209.015: HOA Limits on Adjacent Lot Use
Section 209.015 bars an HOA from restricting an owner's residential use of an adjacent lot they own, while preserving approval and sale-or-restore duties.
Texas Property Code 209.013: No Amendments During Turnover
Section 209.013 bars amending a developer-created dedicatory instrument between the developer losing control and a new board taking office.
Florida Statutes 718.503: Condo Sale Disclosures, 7-Day Resale Cancellation Clause
What Florida condo sellers must give buyers: governing documents, budget, FAQ, milestone and SIRS reports, the 7-day resale clause and 15-day developer rights.
Florida Statutes 689.302: Seller Flood Disclosure, HB 1049 (2024) and SB 948 (2025)
Florida sellers of residential property must give buyers a flood disclosure at or before contract. Form, effective dates and condo developer rules.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-111: HOA Tort Liability and Suits Against the Association
G.S. 47F-3-111 says lot owners are not liable for a declarant's torts, wrongs by the HOA must be sued against the association, and limits are tolled.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-114: What an HOA Does With Surplus Funds at Year End
G.S. 47F-3-114 sets the default for HOA surplus: after expenses, an operating cushion and reserve prepayments, return it to owners or credit assessments.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-105: Ending a Declarant's Contracts and Leases With the HOA
G.S. 47F-3-105 lets an HOA terminate a pre-turnover declarant contract or lease that was not bona fide or was unconscionable, on 90 days' notice, without penalty.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-104: Transfer of Special Declarant Rights in an HOA
G.S. 47F-3-104 requires recorded instruments to transfer special declarant rights and sets which obligations stay with the transferor and pass to successors.
North Carolina G.S. 47F-3-106: What HOA Bylaws Must Provide
G.S. 47F-3-106 lists six things HOA bylaws must cover, from board size and officers to delegation to a manager and the method of amending the bylaws.
North Carolina G.S. 47C-2-117.1: Judicial Reformation of a Condominium Declaration
G.S. 47C-2-117.1 lets a condo association ask superior court to fix ambiguities and errors in condominium instruments when owners cannot be convened to amend.
North Carolina H 1212 (2026): Proposed Ban on HOA Limits on Solar, Gardens and ADUs
House Bill 1212 would bar NC HOAs from limiting solar panels, edible or pollinator gardens and qualifying ADUs. It was filed April 30, 2026 and is pending.
North Carolina H 1174 (2026): HOA Oversight Act and DOJ Complaint Reports
House Bill 1174 would have the NC Department of Justice record HOA and condo complaints and publish annual reports, without acting as arbiter. It is pending.
North Carolina S 1051 (2026): Proposed Limits on HOA Rules Against Family Child Care Homes
Senate Bill 1051 would void HOA covenants that bar licensed family child care homes and add G.S. 47F-3-123. Filed April 30, 2026, it is pending in committee.
Texas Property Code 209.0091: HOA Notice to Other Lienholders Before Foreclosure
Section 209.0091 requires certified-mail notice and an opportunity to cure for junior deed-of-trust lienholders before a Texas HOA files for foreclosure.
Texas Property Code 209.0093: Voting to Remove or Adopt HOA Foreclosure Authority
Section 209.0093 lets Texas owners remove or adopt HOA foreclosure authority by a 67 percent vote, with a 10 percent petition to force a special meeting.
Texas Property Code 202.003: Liberal Construction of HOA Covenants and Family Homes
Section 202.003 says Texas restrictive covenants are liberally construed to give effect to their purpose, and cannot be read to bar a family home.
Texas Property Code 209.010: HOA Notice After Foreclosure Sale and Recorded Affidavit
Section 209.010 requires a Texas HOA to notify the owner and lienholders within 30 days of a foreclosure sale and record an affidavit within 30 more days.
Texas Property Code 209.0052: HOA Contracts With Board Members, Bids and $50,000 Rule
Section 209.0052 sets bid, recusal and board-resolution conditions for Texas HOA contracts with directors or relatives, and bids over $50,000.
Texas Property Code 209.0042: HOA Notice Methods and Owner Opt-In for Email Notices
Section 209.0042 lets Texas HOAs adopt notice methods but requires an owner to opt in before they replace statutory methods, and bars forcing opt-in.
Texas Property Code 209.012: HOA Easements Over Owner Lots and Owner Consent
Section 209.012 bars a Texas HOA from amending its documents to grant itself an easement over an owner lot without consent, with an access exception.
Texas Property Code Chapter 81: Condominiums Created Before 1994 and the Annual Audit
Chapter 81 applies to Texas condominium regimes created before January 1, 1994, alongside Chapter 82, and requires detailed accounts and an annual audit.
Texas Property Code Chapter 215: Master Mixed-Use Property Owners' Associations
Chapter 215 covers a narrow class of Texas master mixed-use associations meeting five size tests, and Chapter 209 does not apply to them.
Florida Statutes 718.501: Division of Condominiums Authority, Fees and Online Account
What Florida's Division of Condominiums can investigate, enforce and fine, the $4-per-unit annual fee, and the association online account required by Oct. 1, 2025.
Florida 2026 Failed Community Association Bills: SB 1744, SB 924, HB 255
SB 1744 (audioconferencing), SB 924 (HOA roofing) and HB 255 (condo turnover certificates) all died March 13, 2026. What they proposed and current law.
Florida Statutes 720.307: HOA Transition of Control From Developer to Owners
When Florida homeowners can elect a board majority (90 percent conveyed plus three months), the 90-day turnover deliverables and the post-2007 audit rule.
New Jersey Condo Act 46:8B-26: How a Condominium Is Terminated (80% Vote, Deed of Revocation)
N.J.S.A. 46:8B-26 lets owners holding 80% of votes remove a condominium from the Act by recording a deed of revocation. What sections 27 and 28 add.
New Jersey Alloco v. Ocean Beach and Bay Club (2018): Business Judgment Rule Protects Board Rules
The Appellate Division held HOA board rules are protected unless fraudulent, self-dealing or unconscionable; incompetence is not enough. Board takeaways.
New Jersey Mulligan v. Panther Valley (2001): Reasonableness Test for Membership-Voted Amendments
The Appellate Division reviewed HOA amendments voted by members for reasonableness, upholding some and striking a lien-notice rule. Board takeaways.
New Jersey P.L.2017, c.106 (S2492): HOA and Condo Board Election and Membership Reform Law
P.L.2017, c.106 made all owners association members, defined good standing and set election, nomination, proxy and bylaw-amendment rules. Plain-English guide.